Single stage steam jet ejectors, referred to as a Z-Stage, will handle large process loads containing both condensable and non-condensable gases as well as small amounts of solids or liquids. When designed to discharge to atmospheric pressure they can generate a vacuum level of 75 mm HgA (75 Torr) and up.
Two-stage steam jet non-condensing systems, referred to as Y and Z-Stages, will handle large process loads containing both condensable and non-condensable gases as well as small amounts of solids or liquids. When designed to discharge to atmospheric pressure they can generate a vacuum level of 10 mm HgA (10 Torr) and up.
Multi-stage condensing systems, having 3 or more steam jet ejectors, will handle large process loads containing both condensable and non-condensable gases as well as small amounts of solids or liquids. When designed to discharge to atmospheric pressure and depending on the number of ejector stages (up to 6) they can generate a vacuum level of 0.01 mm HgA (0.01 Torr) and up. Intercondensers are utilized between the 4th and 5th stage jets and the 5th and 6th stage jets to reduce steam consumption by knocking out condensables from the process stream. An Aftercondenser can be designed to minimize the condensables from the discharge vapor stream.
A Hybrid System employs a combination of steam jet ejectors, intercondensers and a liquid ring vacuum pump, to achieve the required vacuum level. The liquid ring pump serves as the final stage(s) in a multi-stage system. The benefits of this type of vacuum system are reduced steam consumption, a small compact modular package, and low level (on grade) installation requiring no barometric leg. While total steam consumption is reduced, the liquid ring vacuum pump requires electricity, a small amount of cooling water, and has mechanical seals and bearing.
Eductors operate by converting high-pressure liquid motive, usually water, into a high-velocity stream or can also use process liquid as the motivating fluid. This motive stream entrains and accelerates the gases/vapors, on the process suction side of the device, to create a vacuum. Eductors and Ejectors have the same functionality, in that they both use a motive fluid, to produce some level of vacuum. In general, the term Ejector is used when the motive fluid is a gas. An eductor is generally used to evacuate or vent a vessel / system with a slight / draft vacuum level. Eductors can be manufactured in corrosion-resistant materials for use in corrosive environments.
Much like an Ejector, Eductors operate by passing motive fluid through an expanding nozzle. Vacuum Eductors are used in a variety of applications in the process industries, such as food and beverage, chemical/petrochemical, waste reduction, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, power and energy, and edible oil.
Motive steam, under pressure, enters the thermocompressor and flows through its nozzle. The nozzle converts the high-pressure vapor, into a high-velocity stream, creating suction and causing entrainment of the low-pressure steam. The two vapors mix in the thermocompressor body, and the diffuser then converts the velocity head of mixture into a static head to obtain the proper discharge pressure.
Thermocompressors are used in the process, paper, petroleum, and power & gas industries to circulate steam, boost low-pressure steam, to mix, and to transfer & compress other gases and vapors.
Hydrojets operate by converting high-pressure water, into a high-velocity stream. The water then entrains and accelerates the gases/vapors, on the process suction side of the device, to create a vacuum. Hydrojets and Eductors have the same functionality, in that they both use a motive fluid, to produce some level of vacuum. A Hydrojet is designed to generate a deeper vacuum when compared to an Eductor. Hydrojets can be manufactured in corrosion-resistant materials for use in corrosive environments.
Much like an Ejector, Hydrojets operate by passing motive fluid through an expanding nozzle. Vacuum Eductors are used in a variety of applications in the process industries, such as food and beverage, chemical/petrochemical, waste reduction, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, power and energy, and edible oil.
Mixing Ejectors are used to mix a liquid and a gas stream. A high-pressure gas or liquid stream enters the Mixing Ejector and entrains a lower pressure gas or liquid stream and discharges to a desired concentration and pressure.
Mixing Ejectors are mostly used in the chemical /petrochemical industries but can also be designed for other industries as well.
Thermo-syphons are small, inexpensive, and fit right into a pipeline. They utilize high pressure steam to entrain and move a liquid. There are no moving parts, packing or lubrication. This makes them ideal for handling toxic or corrosive liquids, including radioactive, used in nuclear power generating plants. Thermo-syphons have advantages over conventional pumps.
Advantages
Thermo-syphons are available in standard or corrosion-resistant materials, with flanged connections. They can be used as in-line heaters and for batch recirculation in tanks. They are ideal for use as sump drains and for tank-to-tank transfers.
Steam Jet Heaters are small, inexpensive, and fit right into a pipeline. They are designed to heat a liquid, usually water, by way of injecting steam directly into the water. There are no moving parts or seals.
Hogger, also known as an exhauster, is used to quickly evacuate a gas from a given volume. They are generally used to bring this volume down from atmospheric pressure to a desired sub-atmospheric pressure within a given timeframe. Hoggers are not very efficient in terms of steam consumption so once the volume has been evacuated, a second, more efficient system, is engaged to hold or deepen the vacuum.
Hoggers are most commonly used to remove air from a power plant’s main turbine condenser. They can also be used to quickly evacuate a reactor in a chemical/petrochemical process as well as in the food and beverage industry to quickly remove heat from a cooking process.
Fume scrubbers offer a reliable way to remove and neutralize acid fumes, noxious laboratory gases, particulates, odors, dust, and condensable contaminants.
Advantages
The effectiveness, of the process, is enhanced by properly matching the contacting scrubber fluid, with the air or gas feed stream. For example, particulate contaminants are eliminated, by contact with the spray of the scrubber liquid. Gases and odors are removed by adsorption or reaction. Acids are neutralized, by basic solutions, and other contaminants are simply condensed into the liquid stream.
Venturi Desuperheaters reduces the temperature of vapors flowing in a pipeline by heat transfer through evaporation. Liquid injected at the throat of the Venturi, is atomized into small droplets, by the high vapor velocity. Superheated vapor is cooled, by evaporation of the droplets, as they flow downstream.
Desuperheaters are used in chemical plants and refineries.
Benefits
Desuperheating Steam
To be used as steam desuperheating liquid, steam condensate must contain no dissolved solids that could deposit on the pipe walls. The condensation enters slightly downstream, of the Venturi throat, where it is sprayed into the vapor flow (at a minimum pressure of 5 to 10 psi) above steam line pressure. This achieves a relative velocity between condensate and steam that produces the smallest droplet size. Superheated steam temperature may be reduced to a practical 5° to 10°F above saturation. Velocity of flow and required heat reduction determine how far downstream this occurs. In many cases, the distance is less than 20 feet.
PVP ejectors are similar to steam jet ejectors in that they both use high pressure motive to achieve the desired outcome. The only major difference is the PVP ejector used high pressure process vapor. PVP systems can usually be operated on the vapor of whatever is used as a solvent in the chemical process. No foreign materials such as water is introduced into the process. Product vapors that dissolve in the solvent are easily recovered in a conventional stripping system and the solvent itself is easily recovered and reused. Artisan Industries provides suitable solvent recovery and stripping equipment.
One of the simplest, economical, and most reliable ways to chill liquids and solids is Steam Jet Vacuum Cooling. If your existing cooling tower cannot provide cooling water per your plants growing demand, you should consider Steam Jet Chilling.
Steam Jet Chillers can provide continuous chilled water, or our Vacuum Cooling systems can provide batch cooling.
Our Steam Jet Chillers serve the chemical/petrochemical industries while our Vacuum Cooling systems are used in the food and beverage sectors.
Both systems reduce the temperature of the water or product in the case of the food and beverage sectors by way of evaporation. Approximately 1,060 BTUs of liquid cooling occurs for each pound of water evaporated.
Atmospheric air jets are, as the name implies, motivated with air at atmospheric pressure. They are generally used to boost / increase the depth of vacuum upstream of a Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump (LRVP).
These systems are typically used in the power generation sector. The systems are designed to be capable of removing all non-condensables and associated water vapor from the turbine main condenser. The equipment consists of two (2) stage, twin element steam jet ejectors. Each element is designed of 100% of the load. The system also includes an inter and aftercondenser each designed for 200% of the load.
An alternative to steam jets and condensers is two (2) 100% capacity each liquid ring vacuum pumps.
For initial, quick evacuation of turbine main condenser, a Hogger (exhauster) is used to remove the air. Hoggers are not very efficient in terms of steam consumption so once the volume has been evacuated, the SJEA system, is engaged to deepen the vacuum.
These systems are designed per industry standards such as The Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Surface Condensers and Standards for Steam Jet Vacuum Systems. In addition, our condensers are designed per the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) and ASME, Section 8, Division 1 (Registered and Stamped).
Liquid ring vacuum pumps have been serving the vacuum industry for many years. There are two types: Single Stage and Two Stage.
There are some considerations to be made when considering an LRVP for your process: